Rectal Cancer: A cancer of the rectum.

What is this disease ?

Rectal cancer is a type of colon cancer that occurs in the rectum, the lowermost part of the large intestine. It develops when abnormal cells in the rectum grow uncontrollably and form a tumor.

What are the symptoms of Rectal Cancer?

While early-stage rectal cancer often has no symptoms, as the cancer progresses, symptoms may include:

• Blood in your stool: This can be bright red or dark.
• Change in bowel habits: This might include diarrhea, constipation, or a feeling of incomplete bowel movements.
• Narrowing of the stool: This can make your stool look like a pencil.
• Pelvic pain or pressure.
• Unexplained weight loss.
• Fatigue.

Who can suffer from Rectal Cancer?

Anyone can develop rectal cancer, but certain factors may increase your risk, including:

• Age: The risk increases with age, particularly after 50.
• Family history: A family history of colon or rectal cancer can increase your risk.
• Personal history of inflammatory bowel diseases: Conditions like Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis can increase the risk.
• Lifestyle factors: A diet high in red meat and processed foods, obesity, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption can increase the risk.

What are the types of Rectal Cancer?

The type of rectal cancer is determined by how the cancer cells look under a microscope. The most common types include:

• Adenocarcinoma: This is the most common type, accounting for about 95% of cases.
• Squamous cell carcinoma: This is less common and often occurs in people who smoke.
• Other types: Less common types include lymphoma and carcinoid tumors.

Which diagnostic tests are available for this disease

To diagnose rectal cancer, your doctor may use one or more of the following tests:

• Digital rectal exam: This involves inserting a finger into the rectum to feel for abnormalities.
• Sigmoidoscopy: This procedure uses a flexible tube with a light and camera to examine the rectum and part of the colon.
• Colonoscopy: This procedure examines the entire colon and rectum using a flexible tube with a camera.
• Biopsy: If abnormalities are found, a tissue sample will be taken for examination under a microscope.
• Imaging tests: These may include CT scans, MRI scans, and PET scans.

What is the treatment of Rectal Cancer?

The treatment for rectal cancer depends on the stage of the cancer and your overall health. Treatment options may include:

• Surgery: This is often the primary treatment for rectal cancer. Depending on the stage of the cancer, surgery may involve removing the tumor, part of the rectum, or the entire rectum and anus.
• Radiation therapy: This uses high-energy X-rays to kill cancer cells. It may be used before or after surgery.
• Chemotherapy: This uses drugs to kill cancer cells. It may be used before or after surgery, or in combination with radiation therapy.
• Targeted therapy: This uses drugs that target specific molecules involved in the growth and survival of cancer cells.

Which diet I should take, if any ?

While there is no specific diet that can prevent or cure rectal cancer, a healthy diet can support your overall health and well-being during and after treatment. Consider incorporating:

• Fruits and vegetables: These are rich in fiber and antioxidants.
• Whole grains: These provide fiber and complex carbohydrates.
• Lean proteins: Choose lean sources of protein like fish, poultry, beans, and lentils.
• Limit red meat and processed foods: These may increase your risk of rectal cancer.
• Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of water.

Which speciality of the doctor will treat Rectal Cancer?

A colorectal surgeon is the specialist who typically treats rectal cancer. They have expertise in surgery of the colon and rectum.

Is Rectal Cancer completely curable ?

The curability of rectal cancer depends on several factors, including the stage of the cancer, the type of treatment, and your overall health. Early detection and treatment can significantly improve the chances of a cure.